On Wednesday, Nvidia became the first company in history to reach $4 trillion market valuation as shares rose more than 2 percent, reports CNBC . The GPU maker's stock has climbed 22 percent since the start of 2025, continuing a trend driven by demand for AI hardware following ChatGPT's late 2022 launch .

The milestone marks the highest market cap ever recorded for a publicly traded company, surpassing Apple's previous record of $3.8 trillion set in December. Nvidia first crossed $2 trillion in February 2024 and reached $3 trillion just four months later in June. The $4 trillion valuation represents a market capitalization larger than the GDP of most countries .

As we explained in 2023 , Nvidia's continued success has been intimately tied to growth in demand for hardware that runs AI models as capably and efficiently as possible. The company's data center GPUs excel at performing billions of matrix multiplications necessary to train and run neural networks due to their parallel architecture—hardware architectures that originated as video game graphics accelerators now power the generative AI boom.

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The Netflix series Wednesday , created by Tim Burton, was one of our favorites in 2022 , and while it was quickly renewed, it's been a long wait for that second season. That wait is nearly over. The first half of S2 debuts next month, and Netflix has released a full-length trailer to remind us of that fact. Verdict: It looks like we're in for another spooky supernatural mystery that only our favorite pig-tailed goth girl detective can solve, with all the deadpan witticisms and lavish Burton-esque aesthetics one could hope for.

(Some spoilers for S1 below.)

As previously reported , the first season followed Wednesday's (Jenna Ortega) adventures as a new student at Nevermore Academy. Aloof, sardonic, and resolutely independent, she was very much the problem child, even by Addams standards, having been expelled from eight schools in five years. Hence, her enrollment at Nevermore, a haven for so-called "outcasts" and the alma mater of her parents.

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There's no denying annual smartphone releases have settled into a routine—flat glass slabs with slightly faster processors and better cameras. Foldable phones buck the trend, but these products come with plenty of drawbacks. They're big and heavy, and even with all that bulk, the battery life and cameras can be lacking.

Samsung's new Galaxy Z Fold 7 and Z Flip 7 don't right all the wrongs, but they mark the most significant year-to-year upgrade since the company began making foldables. The new phones are thinner and lighter, particularly in the case of the Z Fold 7, which is even lighter than the Galaxy S25 Ultra. You will pay handsomely for Samsung's new foldable flagship, but it's also releasing a new budget FE version of its flip phone as well.

One big fold

Samsung has been making foldable phones longer than anyone, but the changes from one generation to the next have been minimal. Its seventh-generation foldables make the biggest leap yet, responding to a new spate of thinner foldables from Google, Oppo, and others. That's really the biggest innovation for the Galaxy Z Fold 7—it's slimmer and a bit wider.

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Volvo was among the very first of the global automakers to declare plans to build an all-electrified future. Note the choice of word—electrified, not electric, as it includes hybrids, both plug-in and mild. When it comes to pure electric vehicles, the Swedish automaker has something of a two-pronged strategy. At the low end, there's the diminutive EX30 and EX30 Cross Country , a pair of stripped-down crossovers whose value proposition might be entirely different in light of tariffs and the end of the clean vehicle tax credit. At the other end of the spectrum is the EX90, a big battery electric SUV with tech so cutting-edge that some of it wasn't even ready when we had our first drive last fall.

The idea of a high-end Volvo is not a new one; for decades, the company has offered a low-key luxury alternative to the flashier German brands. It's just that back then, your family doctor probably drove a Volvo station wagon, whereas these days, most people want something with a little more height. Unlike the little EX30s, the EX90 should be largely unaffected by the recent chaos—it's built in South Carolina, so it isn't subject to import tariffs (beyond any imported parts used to build it) and with a starting price of $81,290, it's just too expensive to qualify for the IRS 30D tax credit, which now goes away at the end of September.

Do Volvo's impeccable safety credentials and the EX90's emissions-free powertrain purchase it any credit in the war on cars? Probably not, but there's something wonderfully incongruous about the slab sides and beige paint (actually a solid metallic called Sand Dune) accented by the bright jewelry of the daylight running lights, although the lidar hump on the roof continues to scream "London taxi cab" at me. (Did you know that Volvo's corporate parent also owns a company that builds those ?) As you approach the car and it unlocks, the "Thor's Hammer" headlights do a neat little mechanical "blink"—think that one alien that Will Smith chased around the Guggenheim in Men in Black .

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Northwood Space has completed initial testing of the second generation of its phased array antenna technology, which can simultaneously communicate with spacecraft across a range of orbits, from near Earth all the way out to geostationary space.

The prototype gateway was able to connect with several satellites in space during recent testing, said Bridgit Mendler, co-founder and chief executive of Northwood Space. This successful demonstration has given Northwood confidence to move into commercial deployment of the company's antennas within the coming months.

"This system, with planned multinational deployment this year, will be the first building block in our network that over the next three years aims to support 500 simultaneous spacecraft across multiple frequencies, data rates, and orbits," she said.

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Linda Yaccarino has announced she is stepping down as CEO of X, one day after the platform was forced to take action to stop its chatbot Grok from praising Hitler and amplifying harmful antisemitic stereotypes .

In her announcement , Yaccarino does not mention Grok or any reason for her departure. Instead, Yaccarino broke down what she views as her greatest accomplishments over two years at X, taking credit for helping X "turn around" its financial woes while thanking X owner Elon Musk for giving her "the opportunity of a lifetime."

"I’m immensely grateful to him for entrusting me with the responsibility of protecting free speech, turning the company around, and transforming X into the Everything App," Yaccarino said.

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The European Space Agency has selected five launch startups to become eligible for up to 169 million euros ($198 million) in funding to develop alternatives to Arianespace, the continent's incumbent launch service provider.

The five companies ESA selected are Isar Aerospace, MaiaSpace, Rocket Factory Augsburg, PLD Space, and Orbex. Only one of these companies, Isar Aerospace, has attempted to launch a rocket into orbit. Isar's Spectrum rocket failed moments after liftoff from Norway on a test flight in March.

None of these companies are guaranteed ESA contracts or funding. Over the next several months, the European Space Agency and the five launch companies will negotiate with European governments for funding leading up to ESA's ministerial council meeting in November, when ESA member states will set the agency's budget for at least the next two years. Only then will ESA be ready to sign binding agreements.

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T en years ago , Tracey Holloway, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, would have said that air pollution in the United States was a huge success story. “Our air had been getting cleaner and cleaner almost everywhere, for almost every pollutant,” she said. But in June 2023, as wildfire smoke from Canada spread, the air quality dropped to historically low levels in her home state of Wisconsin.

Just last month, the region’s air quality dipped once more to unhealthy levels. Again, wildfires were to blame.

While the US has made significant strides in curbing car and industrial pollution through setting emission limits on industrial facilities and automakers, the increasing frequency and intensity of fires are “erasing the gains that we have obtained through this pollutant control effort,” said Nga Lee “Sally” Ng, an aerosol researcher at Georgia Institute of Technology.

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A critical vulnerability allowing hackers to bypass multifactor authentication in network management devices made by Citrix has been actively exploited for more than a month, researchers said. The finding is at odds with advisories from the vendor saying there is no evidence of in-the-wild exploitation.

Tracked as CVE-2025-5777, the vulnerability shares similarities with CVE-2023-4966, a security flaw nicknamed CitrixBleed, which led to the compromise of 20,000 Citrix devices two years ago. The list of Citrix customers hacked in the CitrixBleed exploitation spree included Boeing, Australian shipping company DP World, Commercial Bank of China, and the Allen & Overy law firm. A Comcast network was also breached , allowing threat actors to steal password data and other sensitive information belonging to 36 million Xfinity customers.

Giving attackers a head start

Both CVE-2025-5777 and CVE-2023-4966 reside in Citrix’s NetScaler Application Delivery Controller and NetScaler Gateway, which provide load balancing and single sign-on in enterprise networks, respectively. The vulnerability causes vulnerable devices to leak—or “bleed”—small chunks of memory contents after receiving modified requests sent over the Internet.

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